Effects of early resource-limiting conditions on patterns of growth, growth efficiency, and immune function at emergence in a damselfly (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Periods of restricted growth during early development are expected to have detrimental effects on subsequent metrics of fitness, most prominently increases in age and decreases in size at maturity. However, in some cases, animals may compensate by altering foraging effort, growth efficiency, or patterns of resource allocation between critical traits prior to maturation. Yet, even when compensation for age and size is complete, brief periods of restricted growth may carry costs persisting in the long term, and compensatory tactics may themselves be costly. We investigated the long-term costs of early growth restriction and mechanisms of compensatory growth in the damselfly Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839). Larvae were temporarily exposed to one of three feeding regimes in the early stages of development, after which food levels were restored. In the period of unrestricted growth prior to emergence, partial compensation for structural size in the lowest food treatment was observed, while both resource-limited groups accelerated mass gain relative to controls. Changes in food consumption and food conversion efficiency were ruled out as mechanisms for accelerating growth following diet restriction. We tested for changes in resource allocation patterns that could explain the observed compensatory growth and found that adult body shape may depend on early growth conditions in females. There was no evidence of detrimental effects on immune function at emergence, although males tended to have higher phenoloxidase activity (a measure of immunocompetence) than females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".