Formation and rotation of two-dimensional Coulomb crystals in magnetized complex plasma
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation and rotation of two-dimensional (2D) dust Coulomb crystals with finite number of particles are simulated in a self-consistent manner, based on a dynamical model for radio-frequency sheath over a concave electrode with an axial magnetic field. The dust particles are initially placed at random positions inside the sheath, and then their motions are tracked by a molecular-dynamics method until stable, ordered 2D structures are formed, which rotate in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, driven by the azimuthal ion flow due to the E×B effect. The rotation patterns are found to depend, in a complex way, on the particle number, the crystal structure, and the discharge parameters, such as the discharge pressure and the magnetic field. In particular, a rigid rotation is typically observed for those clusters with high symmetry structures, for example, the cluster 19 (1,6,12), with the rotation angular frequency of the order of 10−2Hz, which is proportional to the magnetic field magnitude, but decreases with the increasing discharge pressures. However, the intershell rotations are also observed for those structures of the dust crystals with less symmetry, e.g., 20 (1,7,12), especially for strong magnetic fields.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it