Thermodynamics of Interaction between Cationic Gemini Surfactants and Hydrophobically Modified Polymers in Aqueous Solutions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microcalorimetry has been used to study the interactions between two gemini surfactants, [C 12 H 25 (CH 3 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) S N(CH 3 ) 2 C 12 H 25 ]Br 2, with S = 3 and 6, and several modified poly(acrylamides) (PAM) including hydrophobic groups and acrylic acid residues. Values of enthalpies, entropies, and free energies of interaction have been derived for the two gemini surfactants and two single-chain surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The interaction with the polymers was found to be much stronger for the geminis in comparison with the single-chain surfactants and was also found to be strongly dependent on the spacer length. Inclusion of acrylic acid residues in hydrophobically modified PAMs generates a strong specific interaction between polymer and gemini surfactant that acts to disrupt the aggregation of the surfactant.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it