Bulking generated considerable bias in detection of amplified fragment length polymorphism variations in oat, fringed brome and smooth bromegrass
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variations in bulk and plant‐by‐plant (PBP) samples of five oat ( Avena sativa L.) accessions, one fringed brome ( Bromus ciliatus L.) accession and two smooth bromegrass ( B. inermis Leyss.) accessions were compared. The proportions of AFLP bands detected in PBP, but lost in bulk, samples of oat, fringed brome, and smooth bromegrass ranged from 19 to 31%, 40 to 44%, and 22 to 33% of the total bands scored, respectively. These lost bands had occurred at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 1 in the PBP samples. These findings demonstrate bulking can generate substantial bias in detection of AFLP variations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it