Subcutaneous neurofibromas are associated with mortality in neurofibromatosis 1: A cohort study of 703 patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, an increased morbidity and mortality, and a shorter lifespan. Although the disease is fully penetrant by the age of 8, the variability in symptoms and complications is high, even among members of the same family. The aim of this study was to identify easily recognizable clinical features that may be associated with mortality in a cohort of patients affected with NF1. We used prospectively collected data from the Neurofibromatosis Institute Database (NFID) and included in our analysis 703 patients who fulfilled the NIH diagnostic criteria for NF1. Clinical, especially dermatological features were tested as potential factors associated with mortality. Among the patients, 405 (57.6%) were children and 298 (42.4%) were adults. The mean follow-up was 2.4 years (median = 0.98, range: 0-15.3 years). Forty patients died during follow-up, mostly due to tumor development such as sarcoma (n = 18). In the adult population, subcutaneous neurofibromas (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.2-11.3], P = 0.02) and male gender (OR = 5.6, [1.5-20.9], P = 0.004) were independent predictors of mortality after adjustment for age. Among children, the presence of facial plexiform neurofibromas and pruritus were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analysis. Our study describes independent risk factors of mortality in a large cohort of adult and pediatric patients. Close follow-up should be obtained for patients presenting with subcutaneous neurofibromas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".