Influence of distiller's grains and condensed tannins in the diet of feedlot cattle on biohydrogen production from cattle manure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biohydrogen production from the manure of cattle fed diets containing corn dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) diets was assessed. Four types of manure were obtained from cattle fed four diets (DDG, %of dietary dry matter): 0 (CK), 20 (DG20), 40 (DG40) and 40 plus 2.5% of dietary dry matter as condensed tannins (DG40CT) and evaluated for biohydrogen production using dark fermentation. Each treatment was evaluated in quadruplicate using 2 L continuously stirred biodigesters operating at 55 °C in batch culture with an organic loading rate of 20 g L−1 volatile solids and a total operation time of 4 d. Gas samples were taken daily to determine hydrogen production, and slurry samples were analyzed daily for volatile fatty acid concentration, total ammonia nitrogen, volatile solids degradation, and soluble ion concentration. The DG0 and DG40 treatments demonstrated the greatest hydrogen production, with DG40CT producing the least (P < 0.001). The inclusion of tannins in the diet of cattle had a negative effect on biohydrogen production from cattle manure, and thus the economic feasibility of using manure as a substrate in anaerobic digestion could be negatively impacted by the inclusion of tannins in the diet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".