Novel <i>Pn</i> Polymorph for Li<sub>2</sub>MnSiO<sub>4</sub> and Its Electrochemical Activity As a Cathode Material in Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of a new metastable polymorph of Li 2 MnSiO 4 adopting the Pn space group, prepared by ion-exchange from Na 2 MnSiO 4 . Density-functional theory methods were used to predict the lattice parameters and atom positions of the new polymorph material and those of Na 2 MnSiO 4 and LiNaMnSiO 4, allowing their identification by X-ray diffraction profiles, as well as the comparison of the measured and calculated cell parameters. The electrochemical activity of this new polymorph as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries was evaluated in coin cells and compared to that of the thermodynamically stable Pmn 2 1 polymorph of Li 2 MnSiO 4, as well as LiNaMnSiO 4 and Na 2 MnSiO 4 . Carbon coating, very vital to the electrochemical activity of the material, was added in situ to the material before ion-exchange because the metastable polymorph converts to the stable polymorph above 370 °C, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry scans. Both Li 2 MnSiO 4 polymorphs display similar charge–discharge curves, except for a marginally lower lithium extraction voltage during the first charge of the Pn structure that may be due to the presence of sodium ion impurities. A discharge capacity of 110 mA h g –1 is initially observed for both Li 2 MnSiO 4 polymorphs and both exhibit similar capacity fades. LiNaMnSiO 4, however, yields a stable capacity of 45 mA h g –1, whereas Na 2 MnSiO 4 yields an initial capacity of 20 mAh g –1, increasing to 60 mAh g –1 with cycling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".