Extrusion of Pea Starch Containing Lysozyme and Determination of Antimicrobial Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pea starch, which has inherently good gel strength, was used as the source material for manufacturing a biodegradable and bioactive packaging material. Extrudates containing 99% pea starch and 1% lysozyme were produced under various extrusion conditions (high and low shear screw configurations, 30% to 40% moisture contents, 70 to 150 degrees C die temperatures). The physical and mechanical properties of the extrudates were determined through various expansion indices, piece and cell wall solid density, compression, and 3-point bending tests. The expansion of extrudates increased with an increase in die temperature, whereas increasing moisture content had the opposite effect. Extrudate densities decreased as extrusion temperature increased, whereas lower moisture content in the extrudate dough decreased extrudate densities. The elastic modulus and fracture strengths were highly correlated in a power-law fashion to relative density, showing that the mechanical properties of extrudates were dependent on solid density and foam structure. Up to 48% of the initial lysozyme activity was recovered from the extruded pea starch matrix. The lysozyme released from extrudates showed an inhibition zone against Brochotrix thermosphacta B2. Extruded pea starch matrix containing lysozyme has potential application as an edible and biodegradable packaging material with antimicrobial activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".