Envelope gating and noise shaping in populations of noisy neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Narrowband signals have fast and slow time scales. The transmission of narrowband signal features on both times cales, by spiking neurons, is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. The interaction of the narrowband input and the threshold nonlinearity may create out-of-band interference, hindering the transmission of signals in a low-frequency range. The resultant out-of-band signal is the "envelope," or time-varying modulation of the narrowband signal. The levels of noise and nonlinearity intrinsic to the neuron gate transmission on the slow "envelope" time scale. When a narrowband and a distinct slow signal drive the neuron, the slow signal may be poorly transmitted. Increasing intrinsic noise in an averaging network removes the envelope in favor of the slow signal, paradoxically increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. These gating effects are generic for threshold and excitable systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".