Self-Assembly of Carboxyalkylphosphonic Acids on Metal Oxide Powders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structures formed by adsorption of carboxyalkylphosphonic acids on metal oxide powders were characterized by solid-state NMR and FTIR-PAS (Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy). A series of diacids, HO 2 C(CH 2 ) n PO 3 H 2 ( n = 2, 3, 11, and 15), were deposited on nonporous TiO 2 and ZrO 2 powders and nanocrystalline ZrO 2 with average particle diameters of 21, 30, and 5 nm, respectively. Solid-state 31 P NMR, combined with FTIR-PAS, indicates that the phosphonic acid group binds selectively to the surface, producing a monolayer of carboxylic acid terminated chains. The average chain conformation depends on the substrate in addition to the chain length. Ordered samples display thermal order/disorder transitions similar to other self-assembled monolayer systems. The more restricted chain mobility relative to analogous methyl-terminated chains is attributed to hydrogen-bonding among the pendant carboxylic acid groups. These results demonstrate that phosphonic acids are useful for selectively introducing pendant polar functional groups on metal oxide surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".