Bibliographic record
Abstract
The name glypican has been assigned to a family of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans that are linked to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. To date, six family members of this family have been identified in mammals (GPC1 to GPC6) and two in Drosophila. Glypicans are expressed predominantly during development, and they are thought to play a role in morphogenesis. As HS-carrying molecules, glypicans were initially considered potential regulators of heparin-binding growth factors. This has been recently confirmed by genetic interaction experiments showing that glypicans regulate wingless signaling in Drosophila. The involvement of glypicans in the in vivo regulation of other heparin-binding growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, remains to be determined. Interestingly and unexpectedly, a role for GPC3 in the regulation of insulin-like growth factors has been proposed. This hypothesis is based on the phenotype of patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), an overgrowth and dysmorphic syndrome in which the GPC3 gene is mutated. Thus, it is possible that glypicans regulate different kinds of growth factors in a tissue-specific manner. In addition to its involvement in SGBS, down-regulation of GPC3 has been recently associated with the progression of several types of malignant tumors, including mesotheliomas and ovarian cancer. A role for GPC1 in pancreatic cancer progression has also been proposed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".