Microsatellite markers reveal chimeric origin of redesignated chromosome 4A of wheat from<i>Triticum urartu</i>and other species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although a new nomenclature has been adopted for wheat in which chromosome 4A (4AO) has been renamed 4B (4BN) and chromosome 4B (4BO) has been renamed 4A (4AN), their specific origin remains uncertain. The use of wheat microsatellite (WMS) markers mapped to chromosomes 4AN and 4BN in a set of polyploid wheats and diploid genome donors has unequivocally indicated that the entire short arm of 4AN, some part of 4ANL. and a segment of 4BNL were derived from Triticum urartu. The presence of a T. urartu-specific allele at locus gwm368 on 4BNL and of an Aegilops speltoides allele at locus gwm397 on 4ANL suggests the possibility of a reciprocal translocation between 4ANL and 4BNL. The subcentromeric and telomeric regions of 4ANL corresponding to heterochromatic C-bands were derived neither from diploid wheats nor from Ae. speltoides or Aegilops longissima.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".