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Toker Cells Revisited

2009· article· en· W1978701245 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Breast Journal · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCancer and Skin Lesions
Canadian institutionsHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Science Centre
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicinePagetoidCytokeratinEpidermis (zoology)PathologyStainImmunohistochemistryBasal (medicine)StainingAnatomyInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Toker cells are inconspicuous cytokeratin 7 positive cells that should be distinguished from intraepidermal involvement by malignant cells seen in Paget's disease (PD) of the nipple. The aim of our study was to quantitatively assess the number and pattern of distribution of Toker cells in nipples without PD in mastectomy specimens. Sequential sections from the nipple of 173 mastectomies were evaluated using HE and immunohistochemistry. Two breast pathologists reviewed the stains and recorded the number and pattern of distribution of CK7 positive cells (CK7+) and their HER2/neu, ER and PR status. There were 152/173 (88.4%) cases with CK7+ cells. The mean number of CK7+ cells per section was 22 (range 0-200) and the mean number of CK7+ cells per field at 10x was 10 (range 0-106). 10/37 (27%) of nipples from prophylactic mastectomies and 15/136 (11.1%) of mastectomies for cancer displayed over 10 CK7+ cells in an area of 10x. In 32/173 (18.5%) CK7+ cells formed small groups or clusters. Notably these cells were not restricted to the basal part of the epidermis. None of the groups/clusters of Toker cells were appreciated on HE stain and all were HER2/neu, ER and PR negative. The absence of any CK7+ cells in 20 cases occurred in hyperpigmented epidermis, possibly obscuring rare positive cells. Toker cells are frequently present in the epidermis of the nipple and are more prevalent than appreciated on routine HE stain. These cells can be present in clusters and can have pagetoid pattern of distribution. They occur in nipples of cancer patients with or without PD and in prophylactic mastectomies performed for high risk patients. The substantial number and the clustering of Toker cells should not be mistaken for PD of the nipple. Unlike PD, Toker cells have small bland nuclei and are characterized by CK7+ and HER2/neu ER and PR negative immunoprofile.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.667
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.273
Teacher spread0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it