Absolute characterization of photoluminesence from pulsed‐laser deposited, sol‐gel, sputtered and evaporated ZnO thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract ZnO thin films were fabricated using PLD, sputtering, e‐beam evaporation and sol‐gel techniques. The films were annealed in an oxygen environment to improve their crystallinity. Photoluminescence efficiency and angular emission patterns were characterized and are reported in absolute radiometric units. Conversion efficiencies in the range of 1 – 7 · 10‐6 were found for the PLD films, 7 · 10‐6 for a sputtered film, 7 – 40 · 10‐6 for the e‐beam evaporated films, and 20 – 400 · 10‐6 for the Sol‐Gel films. In most cases, the angular emission pattern of the photoluminescence was lambertian in nature. Non‐lambertian emission patterns were observed for some films with microstructure, achieved with PLD and e‐beam evaporation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".