ROTATION WITH TAGETES SP. FOR CONTROL OF ROOT-LESION NEMATODES AFFECTS FLUE-CURED TOBACCO GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY, AND COST OF PRODUCTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The root-lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus penetrans ) can cause significant reduction in tobacco yield and quality. This nematode also is a parasite of cereal rye ( Secale cereale ), which is a common rotation crop in tobacco areas. Row fumigation prior to transplanting tobacco in the spring is practiced by >95% of Ontario growers to control nematode populations. Planting of Tagetes sp. (marigold) also reduces nematode populations, and when used instead of rye as a rotation crop with tobacco, can provide an alternative to chemical fumigation. Field trials were conducted from 1996 to 1998 to compare the impacts of marigold rotation vs. a traditional fall rye rotation crop, with and without chemical fumigation, on flue-cured tobacco yield, quality, and cost of production. Both the marigold rotation and the non-fumigated rye rotation resulted in slightly less early season N available in the following tobacco crop year compared to the rye + fumigation check. Plant height in July and days to flowering, both measures of early season growth, were highly correlated with fumigation and resultant spring nematode populations in 1996 and 1997. Days to flowering in the marigold plots averaged 5.4 and 4.0 d longer in 1996 site A and 1998 site B, respectively, compared to the rye + fumigation plots. This delay may be related to early season N availability even though the differences in early season inorganic N were relatively small. Marigold rotation increased tobacco yield by 142 and 334 kg/ha in 1996 and 1997, respectively, with no reduction in leaf quality compared to tobacco following rye rotation plus fumigation. This increase may be the result of larger and more laterally distributed tobacco root growth observed after the marigold rotation crop. Yield was negatively correlated with nematode populations in all years. Cost-of-production estimates suggest that growers could adopt a marigold-tobacco cropping system with an increase in profit compared to chemical fumigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".