Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase in human lung transplants after nitric oxide inhalation1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of the ischemia-reperfusion process of organ transplantation on nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) in humans are unknown. The effects of NO inhalation on endogenous NOS expression and activity are controversial. The authors hypothesized that NO inhalation may affect ischemia-reperfusion-induced alterations of the endogenous NOS system. METHODS: The authors performed lung biopsy on patients in a randomized phase II clinical trial of NO inhalation during lung transplantation. After lung implantation, 20 ppm of NO or placebo gas was administered 10 min after the start of reperfusion. Lung tissues were collected from 20 patients (NO, n=9; placebo, n=11) after cold and warm ischemia, 1 hr and 2 hr after reperfusion. The protein levels of NOS isoforms were analyzed by Western blotting and the total NOS activity was measured. RESULTS: The protein levels of inducible NOS did not change significantly in either of the groups. In contrast, during the 2-hr reperfusion period, constitutive NOS (neuronal NOS [nNOS] and endothelial NOS) tended to decrease in the placebo group, but gradually increased in the NO group. After 2 hr of reperfusion, the nNOS protein in the NO group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P <0.05). However, the total NOS activity remained at low levels in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: NO inhalation-induced increase of constitutive NOS proteins indicates the interaction between inhaled NO molecules and lung tissues. However, the activity of these newly synthesized NOS proteins remains suppressed during the ischemia-reperfusion period of lung transplantation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".