Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in children after heart transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is unclear if children after heart transplantation (HTX) are at risk for developing increased myocardial fibrosis. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis can be estimated by myocardial longitudinal relaxation (T1) times. Twenty cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies in 17 patients after HTX (mean age 13.2 years, range 1.2 - 17.4 years, 9 female) were analysed retrospectively and compared to CMR studies in nine healthy controls (mean age 12.1 years, range 9.2 - 16.7, 4 female). Patients with clinically significant rejection were excluded. T1 measurements were performed at a single mid-ventricular short axis slice orientation before and > 10 minutes after the application of 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd) in the interventricular septum (IVS), LV lateral wall and the complete LV myocardium (Image). The tissue-blood partition coefficient was calculated as a function of the ratio of T1 change of myocardium as compared to blood. Pre-contrast T1 times before the application of Gd were significantly higher in HTX patients compared to controls (LV lateral wall 977 ± 40 msec. versus 923 ± 12 msec., p < 0.001; IVS 1008 ± 32 msec. versus 974 ± 21 msec., p < 0.005; complete LV myocardium 992 ± 34 msec. versus 951 ± 16 msec., p < 0.005), whereas the reduced post-contrast T1 times in the HTX patients showed a trend towards being shorter than in controls but failed to reach statistical significance. Tissue-blood partition coefficients were elevated in patients after HTX in the LV lateral wall (0.45 ± 0.06 versus 0.40 ± 0.03, p < 0.01) and the complete LV myocardium (0.47 ± 0.06 versus 0.43 ± 0.03, p < 0.05). The difference in the IVS failed to reach statistical significance (0.48 ± 0.06 versus 0.45 ± 0.03, p = 0.122). Diffuse fibrosis is present in children after HTX as evidenced by pre- and post-contrast myocardial T1 mapping. The technique may be suitable for the detection of early signs of adverse remodeling after HTX.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".