Influence of growth habit, row spacing, and seed infection on bean anthracnose development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bean anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, has been responsible for severe seed yield and quality losses in many dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) producing regions of the world. A 2-year study conducted at two field locations in Manitoba examined the effect of differences in seed-borne infection level, row spacing, and growth habit on anthracnose development and any associated losses in seed yield and quality in four navy bean entries and two pinto bean entries. Row spacing had little or no effect on anthracnose severity, but the narrow row spacing (30 cm) always produced the highest yield. A seed-borne infection level of 10% resulted in a significant decrease in the percent seedling emergence of the navy bean entries but usually did not reduce the emergence of the pinto bean cultivars. Nevertheless, anthracnose ratings were most severe on the pinto bean cultivars early in the growing season. The results suggest that the larger seed size of the pinto bean cultivars might have resulted in the emergence of a higher percentage of infected seedlings, which would have caused the disease to rapidly spread in these cultivars. The effect of seed-borne anthracnose infection on the crop canopy and on the pods became evident late in the growing season and resulted in higher incidences of anthracnose seed discoloration. Growth habit did not consistently influence anthracnose severity, since the entries with the lowest disease ratings were a viny navy bean line and an indeterminate, upright navy bean line.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".