Calculations of the threshold force and threshold power to move adsorbed nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and analyze a simple model for the calculation of the power ${P}^{*}$ necessary to depin an essentially rigid cluster or nanoparticle on a surface with a scanning force microscope tip in tapping mode. The model contains the coupling between the particle's lateral and normal motion. We show that there are two important limiting regimes. (i) If momentum transfer occurs gradually between tip and particle, ${P}^{*}$ depends mainly on the viscous-type drag between particle and surface. (ii) If momentum transfer occurs instantaneously once per oscillation, ${P}^{*}$ is dominated by the minimum energy barrier necessary to move the cluster by one lattice constant. In the quasistatic driving mode (i), a critical impact angle ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{t}}^{*}$ is identified below which depinning cannot be achieved due to lateral-normal coupling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".