Higher-order moments of velocity fluctuations in the wake of a short stack
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of jet velocity relative to the crossflow velocity on the higher-order moments of velocity fluctuations characteristics in the wake of stack is reported in this study. The cross-flow Reynolds number was Re D = 2.3 × 10 4 and the jet-to-cross-flow velocity ratio was varied from R = 0 to 3. The stack was partially immersed in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer, with a boundary layer thickness-to-stack-height ratio of δ/H = 0.5 at the location of the stack. The skewness factor, flatness factor and triple correlations are found to be influenced by the flow regime. The deviation of skewness and flatness factors from the Gaussian fluctuation values of zero and 3 are more pronounced outside the wake centre region due to the presence of the separated shear layers and vortex structures. The high values of the skewness and flatness factors for all values of velocity ratio within the vicinity of the stack free end are related to the tip vortex structures near the stack free end which decrease in strength as the value of R increases. In addition, the separated shear layers from both sides of the stack contribute to the high values observed away from the wake centreline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".