Petrology, palynology, coal facies, and depositional environments of an Upper Carboniferous coal seam, Minto Coalfield, New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coal petrology and palynology of the Minto coal seam enable depositional environments of the precursor mire to be established in terms of facies-critical maceral ratios, maceral assemblages, and spore and pollen assemblages. The overall petrographic composition indicates a vitrinite-rich coal (mean 67%), followed by inertinite (mean 27%) and liptinite (mean 7%). Pyrite is common to abundant (maximum 15%). Lithotype logs demonstrate a dominance of dull lithotypes (dull and banded dull). Petrographic composition at the lithotype and seam subsection level is highly variable. Vitrinite maceral assemblages are enriched in brighter lithotypes (banded bright and bright), whereas liptinite and inertinite maceral assemblages are enriched in dull and banded dull lithotypes. The duller lithotypes are enriched by mineral matter. Based on spores, the seam is assigned to the Vestispora Zone of Atlantic Canada, with the basal Torispora securis-Torispora laevigata (SL) Zone of western Europe and the lower Torispora securis-Vestispora fenestrata (SF) of the Illinois Basin. This indicates an early Bolsovian (Westphalian C) age. Based on the Tissue Preservation Index - Gelification Index facies concept, the seam was deposited in an upper delta plain. At the seam subsection level, facies-critical maceral ratios (Groundwater Influence Index, Vegetation Index) and maceral assemblages suggest both limnic (open moor) conditions and somewhat drier conditions. Relative low Vegetation Indices suggest mainly herbaceous source material, which is partly supported by the rare to common occurrence of small lycopsid spores and arboreous lycopods. The abundant sphenopsids, including Calamites, and rare gymnosperms may have grown outside the mire.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".