Osmoregulation and gene expression of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>ATPase in families of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) smolts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports that families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts vary in their ability to osmo- and iono-regulate following abrupt transfer to cold seawater. Eleven families of Atlantic salmon 0+ smolts were held in fresh water (2.44 °C) or transferred to seawater (1.94 °C) and sampled 0 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 30 days post-transfer. Plasma osmolality was significantly different among the families after 24 h of seawater exposure. The family with the lowest osmolality at 24 h also displayed the lowest plasma Clconcentrations as well as the highest gill Na+/K+ATPase activity. Gill mRNA expression of the Na+/K+ATPase α1b isoform increased following seawater exposure, whereas the α1a isoform decreased, but there was no significant difference among families. Taken together, the interfamily differences in osmoregulatory ability are correlated with gill Na+/K+ATPase activity but not the expression of two salinity-sensitive Na+/K+ATPase isoforms. Furthermore, the data indicate that family differences in gill Na+/K+ATPase activity were only apparent when assayed at the sampling temperature (4 °C) and not at a higher assay temperature (10 °C).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".