Alloy solid solution strengthening of Mg alloys: Valence effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate alloy solid solution strengthening of hexagonal close packed (HCP) Mg. The binary solid solution Mg–X base alloys (X = Gd, Nd, Ce, Bi, In, and Sn) were examined to identify a possible valence effect on the solution strengthening in terms of electronic density of states (DOS) and electron localized function (ELF). An addition of rare earth (RE) elements Gd, Nd, and Ce in Mg results in a hybridization between the localized f electrons of RE elements and the p electrons of Mg. The hybridization is primarily responsible for the formation of covalent bonds between RE elements and Mg. This electronic structure was then validated by the calculated ELF, illustrating a distribution of localized electrons between Mg and RE atoms. This peculiar chemical bonding characteristic successfully explains the experimentally observed solid solution strengthening induced by Gd, Nd, and Ce additions. An addition of sp‐elements of Bi, In, and Sn in Mg, however, leads to the formation of typical ionic bonds, which are not capable of inducing solid solution strengthening in Mg alloys. A discussion was made on a possible relationship between the chemical bonds and solid solution strengthening in Mg alloys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".