Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance (EQCN) Studies of Protein Interfacial Behavior at Pt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interfacial behavior of a variety of proteins ranging in molar mass from 2500 to 340 000 g mol -1 was studied at a Pt electrode surface at 298 K using the electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN) technique of simultaneous measurements of frequency and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was shown that the EQCN frequency measurements did not directly monitor the molar mass of the adsorbed protein at anodic potentials but instead measured changes in the surface oxide in the absence and presence of adsorbed protein. However, at a potential characteristic of the double layer for platinum, EQCN frequency measurements gave a measure of the extent of solvent displacement by the adsorbed protein. The values for the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, Δ G ADS, obtained with these EQCN frequency measurements gave excellent agreement within experimental uncertainty with those obtained from the simultaneous CV measurements for all proteins studied. The adsorption process was modeled using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The smallest molecules studied, chain A and chain B of insulin, have the lowest affinity for the platinum surface as indicated by their small negative Δ G ADS values, while the larger proteins, such as fibrinogen, have the greatest affinity for the platinum surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".