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When good drugs go bad

2007· article· en· 282 citations· W1979845492 on OpenAlex· 10.1038/446975a

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

Full frame distilled prediction

Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

Candidate categories
Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categories
Research integrity
Domain
Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
Study design
Candidate signal: Not applicableConsensus signal: Not applicable
Genre
Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score
0.499
Threshold uncertainty score
0.999
Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated · codex-gemma-dda1882f352a

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.006
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.423
Teacher spread
0.382 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

The record

Venue
Nature
Topic
Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Field
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Canadian institutions
University of British Columbia
Funders
not available
Keywords
PharmacogenomicsDrug reactionBusinessAdverse effectScale (ratio)MedicineDrugGeographyPsychiatryPharmacology
Has abstract in OpenAlex
no