The Nonlinear Transient Atmospheric Response to Tropical Forcing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ensemble integrations using a primitive-equation dry atmospheric model were performed to investigate the atmospheric transient response to tropical thermal forcings that resemble El Niño and La Niña. The response develops in the North Pacific within 1 week after the integration. The signal in the North Atlantic and Europe is established by the end of the second week. Significant asymmetry was found between the responses in El Niño and La Niña that is similar to the observations, that is, one feature is that the 550-hPa positive height response in the North Pacific of the La Niña run is located about 30° west of the negative response of the El Niño run; another feature is that the responses in the North Atlantic and Europe for the La Niña and El Niño cases have similar patterns with the same polarity. The first feature is established within 2 weeks of the integration, while the second feature develops starting from the end of the second week. Several factors contribute to this nonlinearity of the response. In the Tropics, the shape of the Rossby wave response and the zonal extent of the Kelvin wave are not symmetric between El Niño and La Niña, which seems to be associated with the dependence of the wave property on the modified zonal mean flow. This is especially important in the equatorial region to the west of the forcing, which is likely responsible for the phase shift of the major extratropical response in the North Pacific. The transient eddy activity in the extratropics feeds back to the response and helps to maintain the nonlinearity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".