Persistent Chlorinated Pesticides in Air, Water, and Precipitation from the Lake Malawi Area, Southern Africa
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concentrations of chlorinated pesticides were analyzed in air (biweekly 1997−1998), water, and precipitation at Lake Malawi, in southeast Africa. The pesticides in air in Senga Bay on the southwest shore of Lake Malawi were not extensively weathered, implying recent use. Elevated levels of heptachlor, chlorobenzenes, aldrin, and dieldrin were detected periodically, which indicated use on a regular basis. Annual average concentrations for those pesticides ranged from 31 to 257 pg/m 3 . Levels of HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, and α-endosufan in air at Senga Bay were comparable to those of the Laurentian Great Lakes, ranging from 24 to 40 pg/m 3 . Considering air−water gas exchange and wet deposition, the net fluxes of chlorinated pesticides to the lake surface were depositional. Concentrations of chlorinated pesticides in the water from Lake Malawi were relatively low compared to the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Baikal. This indicates rapid transformation of chemicals in the water column, which was further supported by high metabolite-to-parent ratios. The results suggests that tropical regions may act as both a global source and sink for chlorinated pesticides, since removal processes may be faster compared to temperate and Arctic regions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it