Age‐Related Changes in the Flash Electroretinogram and Oscillatory Potentials in Individuals Age 75 and Older
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the inner plexiform layer of the retina is altered during senescence by examining the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the flash electroretinogram (fERG) in individuals age 75 and older. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING: A university-based center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six healthy volunteers (age 20-88 years). MEASUREMENTS: fERGs and OPs were first evaluated in scotopic conditions, following pupillary dilation and dark adaptation, in young (20-32 years; n = 30) and older (75-88 years; n = 26) individuals. Electrical signals were recorded with a Dawson-Trick-Litzkow type (DTL) fiber electrode in response to blue and white flashes. Red flashes were subsequently delivered to the test eye for photopic fERG and OP recordings following a period of light adaptation. RESULTS: The amplitude of the a- and b-waves in response to blue and white flashes was significantly decreased in older people and their implicit time was increased. The latency of the a- and b-waves under photopic conditions was also prolonged with senescence, but only the amplitude of the b-wave was reduced. The amplitude of most OPs recorded under both scotopic and photopic conditions decreased with age, whereas their implicit times were prolonged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm previous findings regarding the age dependency of the fERG a- and b-waves. Furthermore, we provide novel information concerning the detrimental effects of age on the OPs, indicating that the neuronal elements within the inner plexiform layer of the retina are compromised with senescence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".