Assessment of Common Scab-Inducing Pathogen Effects on Potato Underground Organs Via Computed Tomography Scanning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies is a major bacterial disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Its best known symptom is superficial lesions on the surface of progeny potato tubers, observed at harvesting. In this study, effects of S. scabies on space occupancy by underground organs and on structural complexity of root systems are investigated during growth via computed tomography (CT) scanning. Two groups of potato plants were grown in a greenhouse in middle-sized plastic pots. Using a high-resolution X-ray CT scanner formerly used for medical applications, their underground organs and surrounding medium (sieved and autoclaved homogeneous sand) were submitted to CT scanning 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. For one group, sand was inoculated with the common scab-inducing pathogen (S. scabies EF-35) at potting. Space occupancy by underground organs was estimated via curve fitting applied to histograms of CT scan data, while three-dimensional skeletal images were used for fractal analysis. Root systems of diseased plants were found to be less complex than those of healthy plants 4 weeks after planting, and the relative growth rates derived from space occupancy measures were of different sign between the two groups from week 4 to week 8.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".