Allowable tension levels for overhead-line conductors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optimised design of overhead transmission lines requires the selection of appropriate stringing tensions for conductors. The percentage of rated-tensile-strength and tension-over-mass criteria for determining these stringing tensions are discussed and analysed in terms of the static tensile stresses in the aluminium component of the conductor. It is demonstrated that the CIGRÉ tension-over-mass method of specifying vibration constraints does not maintain constant initial aluminium stress for conductors with various steel-to-aluminium ratios in all climates. In place of methods based on a percentage of rated strength or the tension-over-mass method, it is proposed that vibration constraints be based on specified values of static tensile aluminium stress. The ‘aluminium-stress method’ may be applied by specifying a stress constraint in a sag-tension program that is equipped to apply one. If such a program is not available to a line engineer, a simple method is provided for computing the initial tension constraint based on the steel and aluminium areas, the average temperature of the coldest month and specified constraints on initial aluminium stress and built-in stress. The effect of built-in stresses on initial stringing tensions is discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it