Nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring of capillary imbibition and diffusion of water into hardened white cement paste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments monitoring the imbibition (sorption) and diffusion of water into white cement paste are reported. The sample was a 1.3 cm long cylinder (6 mm o.d.) of hardened ordinary white cement paste, with a water/cement ratio of 0.42 containing 0.5% Ca(NO2)2 and 2% NaCl. Water proton magnetization and T2 values were obtained as functions of time. Imbibition of H2O and diffusion of H2O and D2O were monitored with H1 NMR at 26 and 30 MHz. The countercurrent water imbibition experiments revealed a two-stage process. A rapid uptake of water, involving about 85% of the total, took place in about 45 min. Maximum saturation was reached in about 2 days. Both stages of the process were well described by a nonlinear diffusion-like equation. Diffusion of both H2O and D2O was characterized by a single diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient for H2O and D2O, derived by fitting the data to the diffusion equation, is well predicted by D0/(Fφ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".