Endoplasmic reticulum stress during the embryonic development of the central nervous system in the mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, we have found evidence for ER stress occurring during development of the central nervous system in the mouse. Several ER-resident stress-regulated chaperones, such as calreticulin, glucose regulated protein 78, glucose regulated protein 94, ER protein 57 and protein disulfide isomerase, were expressed at higher levels in embryonic brain and retina, compared with adult tissues. In contrast, calnexin, a chaperone that is not regulated by stress was equally abundant in embryonic and adult tissues. We also detected unfolded protein response during embryonic development. Both eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha and its phosphorylated form were more abundant in embryonic brain and retina than in adult tissues. Spliced X-box binding protein-1 mRNA was detected in embryonic brain and retina, while it was absent in adult counterparts. Partially glycosylated form of activating transcription factor 6 alpha, another ER stress indicator, was detected predominantly in embryonic brain. Finally, apoptotic pathway components, caspase-7 and -12, were more abundant in embryonic brain than in adult. The pattern of expression of chaperones together with activation of the unfolded protein response factors suggests the presence of ER stress during development of brain and retina. Furthermore, our data suggest that ER stress-like mechanism may induce apoptosis via activation of the caspases during embryonic development of the central nervous system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".