Long-term outcome after neonatal intraparenchymal echodensities with porencephaly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) survivors with neonatal intraparenchymal echodensities (IPE) with porencephaly on cranial ultrasonography with matched controls. To compare the developmental trajectories of these infants over the childhood years with those of matched controls. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary level NICU and the Neonatal Follow-Up Programme (NFUP) in Vancouver, Canada. PATIENTS: NICU survivors with birth weights <1250 g, born between 1983 and 1985. METHODS: Cranial ultrasound scans of NICU subjects with grade 4 intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were reviewed by a neuroradiologist and cases were defined, using stringent criteria, as IVH with IPE with porencephaly. Controls with normal cranial ultrasound findings were selected case-matched for birth weight and sex. Prospective sequential multidisciplinary assessments were performed up to 17 years in the NFUP. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare outcomes between cases and controls. RESULTS: Of 385 eligible patients, 14 met IPE and porencephaly criteria and 10 survived to discharge. All cases with IPE and porencephaly had one or more impairments, significantly different from preterm controls (p<0.001). At all ages assessed, rates of motor, cognitive and overall impairment were significantly higher in the cases (p< or =0.002 for all tests). Most cases at adolescence were ambulatory, required learning assistance in school and had social challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Children with neonatal IPE and porencephaly have a much worse long-term neurodevelopmental outcome than children with normal cranial ultrasound findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".