In Situ X-Ray Absorption Study of a Layered Manganese-Chromium Oxide-Based Cathode Material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have investigated the electronic and atomic structure of a manganese-chromium-based layered oxide material LiLi 0.2 Cr 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2 during electrochemical cycling using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results indicate that charge compensation in the cathode material is achieved by the oxidation/reduction of octahedral CrIII ions to tetrahedral CrVI ions during delithiation/lithiation. Manganese ions are present predominantly in the MnIV oxidation state and do not appear to actively participate in the charge compensation process. To accommodate the large changes in coordination symmetry of the CrIII and CrVI ions, the chromium ions have to move between the regular octahedral sites in the R3 m-like lattice to interstitial tetrahedral sites during the charge/discharge process. The highly reversible at least after the first charge three-electron oxidation/ reductions and the easy mobility of the chromium between octahedral and tetrahedral sites are very unusual and interesting. Equally interesting is the fact that chromium is the active metal undergoing oxidation/reduction rather than manganese. Our results also suggest that in the local scale manganese and chromium ions are not evenly distributed in the as-prepared material, but are present in separate domains of Mn and Cr-rich regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".