Application of nonporous polyurethane (PU) membranes and porous PU thin films as sample supports for MALDI-MS of wheat proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-porous polyurethane (PU) membranes and porous PU thin films are used as sample supports for MALDI-TOFMS. Mass spectra obtained are compared with those acquired using metal targets and the crushed matrix method. The compounds characterized are wheat proteins which consist of moderately water-soluble gliadins, and of water-insoluble low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins. Mass spectra obtained using the PU supports are in general of good quality, and this method of sample preparation is the most convenient for sample handling. In the case of gliadins and LMW glutenins, the spectra obtained on PU are comparable with those obtained using metal supports. Isolation of the LMW and HMW wheat proteins characterized in this study requires the use of buffers incompatible with MALDI. Spectra of samples containing buffer components on PU supports are of better quality than those obtained using the crushed matrix method. This effect is attributed to stronger protein binding onto the PU supports, which allows for extensive washing and removal of water soluble buffer components. The PU film, when cast onto a MALDI probe, is porous and flat in topology. The differences in surface characteristics between the PU film and the PU membrane result in slight variations in the mass spectra. The extent of surface charging, observed significantly using 50 µm thick PU membranes, decreases with 25 µm membranes and becomes insignificant with PU thin films. An important advantage of using the PU supports is the possibility of preparing samples on the film or membrane in the field and of analysing them at a later time. This is especially important when samples are susceptible to chemical degradation in solution. These proteins are known to degrade while stored in solution. We have thus incorporated the use of PU membranefilm supports into our routine analysis of these proteins.Key words: gliadins, glutenins, MALDI, membrane supports, polymeric supports, time-of-flight analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".