Citric Acid Production by<i>Aspergillus niger</i>Using Date-Based Medium Fortified with Whey and Additives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid from dates was evaluated. Two strains of A. niger (ATCC 6275 and 9642) were grown in media containing different concentrations of date extract or molasses fortified with whey, methanol and tricalcium phosphate. The fermentation experiments were conducted at 25° C for 12 days and samples were withdrawn at different time intervals and analyzed for their citric acid content. Results showed that a high level of citric acid (32.4gL−1) was produced by A. niger ATCC 6275 in 20% molasses in whey. When methanol and tricalcium phosphate were added, a significant increase in citric acid production was recorded (P < 0.05). Citric acid concentrations were 38.4 and 42.4 gL−1, in media fortified with methanol and tricalcium phosphate, respectively. Our results showed that molasses could be used as a carbohydrate source for the production of citric acid. Strain type, addition of whey, methanol and tricalcium phosphate had a significant impact on citric acid production by A. niger.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".