The influence of passive wrist joints on the functionality of prosthetic hands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The addition of a passive wrist to a single degree of freedom prosthesis has an effect on its functionality. The amount of impact is undetermined. Objectives: To measure the grasping function of a commercial single degree of freedom hands with and without two forms of passive wrist flexor. Study Design: Form-board and timed tasks. Method: Repeated measures with a single subject using a validated assessment tool. The test measured the function of one conventional, single axis, powered hand controlled by the same myocontroller format. It was used in conjunction with a passive three position wrist flexor, a wrist with compliance in the flex/extend and radial/ulnar deviation and compared with a hand without these axes. Results: The overall functional score of the hand alone was 80 out of 100. The use of a wrist flexion unit resulted in a higher score (83) and the compliant wrist achieved a score of 79. The addition of a wrist allowed improved performance in Power, Lateral and Tips grips for both wrist designs, in addition the Extension grip was improved with the compliant wrist. Conclusion: Wrist flexion had a positive impact on the functional score. It enabled some tasks to be performed quicker and with less difficulty. Clinical relevance The majority of prosthetic hands have pro/supination yet there is little evidence about what impact this, or any other motion at the wrist, has on the overall functional capabilities of a prosthetic hand (i.e. grip). A commercial myoelectric prosthetic hand when used with and without two different wrist designs can potentially improve grip performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".