Effects of uniaxial stress on the piezoelectric, dielectric, and mechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate piezoceramics
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Piezoelectric ceramics are often used under compressive stress. It is therefore important to know the properties of these materials as a function of applied stress. We have developed an experiment that allows us to find the piezoelectric charge coefficient d33, elastic compliance SE 33, and dielectric constant ϵT 33 as a function of uniaxial stress in the poled direction. Both dynamic and static measurements can be carried out. The dynamic and static coefficients differ from each other because of the different proportions of reversible and irreversible domain changes that contribute to them and each coefficient can be important in specific applications. Dynamic results for stresses up to 160 MPa on a soft and a hard piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics are presented. The time dependence of the measurement has also been investigated. It was found that the experimental results were strongly dependent on the material type, history of the specimen, stress level, and the time scale of the measurement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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