The effect of Korean red ginseng extracts with escalating levels of ginsenoside Rg3 on blood pressure in individuals with high normal blood pressure or hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many animal and aortic ring studies show that Korean red ginseng (KRG) can improve vascular tone. This effect is mediated by a group of steroidal saponins in KRG called ginsenosides. Of the KRG ginsenosides, Rg3 is the most potent vasodilator. Thus, it is of interest to determine in humans if KRG extracts with increasing levels of just Rg3 can cause dose dependent reductions in blood pressure (BP). After a 12-hour fast on 4 separate days, 10 drug-treated subjects with hypertension and 3 drug-naı¨ve subjects with high-normal BP (7 females/6 males; mean±SD: age = 57±10 years; systolic BP/diastolic BP = 135±8/85±5 mm Hg) randomly consumed 500mg of placebo (0mg Rg3), KRG-1 (0.27mg Rg3), KRG-2 (0.81mg Rg3) or KRG-3 (2.43mg Rg3) in identical capsules at time 0-min in a 4-period crossover study. Drug-treated individuals refrained from taking antihypertensive agents on test days. At time 60-min, a 360-calorie liquid meal replacement (Ensure) was consumed. BP was measured with ambulatory BP monitors (Accutracker II, SunTech) every 5 min for 20 min before time 0-min (the mean of this represented baseline BP) and every 15 minutes for 180 min after the consumption of placebo or KRG. At time 135-min, the change in diastolic BP relative to baseline differed (p=0.02) between placebo and KRG-2 (-1.6±9.5 and -8.9±7.8 mm Hg, respectively); as well, at time 135 min the change in systolic BP relative to baseline differed (p=0.06) between placebo and KRG-2 (+2.7±11 and -4.3±9.2 mm Hg, respectively). Consumption of the other KRG treatments showed no significant effect on BP. Only the KRG extract that contained 0.84mg of Rg3 (medium dose in this study) caused an acute reduction in BP; levels of Rg3 beyond this point appear to have no further effect on BP. Overall, this study demonstrates that selectively increasing the level of ginsenoside Rg3 in KRG extracts can yield profound acute reductions in BP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".