First assessment of cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin-LR in the Canadian portion of Lake of the Woods
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cyanobacterial blooms containing the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) occurred at least once at each of 5 sites sampled in June, July and August 2004 in the Boreal Shield (Ont., Canada) portion of Lake of the Woods. In June, cyanobacteria constituted 3.5–49% (median 25%) of total phytoplankton biomass and consisted largely of Aphanothece spp. (median 98% of total cyanobacterial biomass). In July and August, cyanobacteria comprised 54–98% (median 77%) of total phytoplankton biomass in surface water samples and consisted largely of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (median 82% of total cyanobacterial biomass). Three species of Anabaena (A. flos-aquae, A. lemmermannii, and A. mendotae), as well as Homeothrix janthina, Pseudanabaena spp., Aphanocapsa spp., and Woronichinia spp. were also present during the study period. Among study sites, total phosphorus concentrations in surface grab samples ranged from 11 to 31 μg/L and were positively associated with total cyanobacterial biomass (r = 0.64, P = 0.01). MC-LR concentrations (μg/g dry weight) in bloom material collected with a 64-μm tow net and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography were positively related to ammonium concentrations in surface grab samples (r = 0.94, P = 0.001), but not to the total biomass of cyanobacteria or any cyanobacterial taxon. In the isolated Boreal Shield basins of this lake, cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins like MC-LR may have ecological and human health consequences and may be sensitive indicators of human disturbance in the drainage basin.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it