A 10‐year integrated atmospheric water vapor record using precision filter radiometers at two high‐alpine sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of integrated water vapor (IWV) density using precision filter radiometers (PFRs) at two high‐alpine, mid‐latitude stations in the Swiss Alps are reported. Both sites, Davos (1590 m asl) and Jungfraujoch (JFJ; 3580 m asl), exhibited a maximum IWV in summer and minimum in winter. Annual mean IWV was 6.7 (±3.9; 1 std) kg m −2 from 1995 to 2005 and 2.2 (±1.5) kg m −2 from 1999 to 2005, respectively. Co‐located GPS measurements exhibited a small positive IWV bias (GPS – PFR) at Davos (0.4 kg m −2 ) and a large negative bias at JFJ (−1.5 kg m −2 ). Microwave radiometer IWV at JFJ agreed well with PFR IWV suggesting that GPS IWV suffers from unmodeled effects. Linear IWV trend analysis indicated no significant trend at either Davos or JFJ for clear‐sky periods. The GPS‐IWV time series is at present too short to determine the trend for all‐weather conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".