In vitro Hormone-Stimulated Atrial Natriuretic Factor Release Is Increased in Experimental Renal Failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of hormone stimulation on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) release in atria were studied in experimental renal failure rats. In vitro experiments were done in two groups of male Wistar rats. Group 1 rats were sham operated, and group 2 rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy. Overall glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced (1.98 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.05 ml/min, p < 0.001) in nephrectomized rats. These rats were also mildly uremic [blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 18 +/- 0.6 vs. 60 +/- 3.9 mg/dl p < 0.001]. The right atria of partially nephrectomized and sham-operated rats were isolated and perfused in a modified Langendorff apparatus to measure ANF release rate. Experiments were done in two phases. In the initial phase, spontaneous release of ANF was measured. In the second phase, angiotensin II (10(-6) M), vasopressin (10(-6) M) or endothelin (ET 1; 10(-6) M) were added into the perfusate. Spontaneous ANF release by the atria of renal failure rats was significantly elevated compared to intact rats. A significant positive correlation was found between ANF release rate and BUN (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). This suggests that the increase in ANF release by the atria of chronic renal failure (CRF) rats is related to the severity of renal impairment. Angiotensin II, vasopressin and endothelin induced exaggerated increases in ANF release by the atria of CRF rats. These results show that a shift in stimulus response curve is present and can contribute to the observed increase in plasma ANF levels in CRF rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".