Primary Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synovial chondromatosis is a benign tumour-like disorder characterized by the development of nodules of cartilage within the synovial membrane of articulating joints.1 It is most often reported in the larger joints of the body, including the knee, hip, and elbow and ankle joints, although it would rarely appear to affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).2 Synovial chondromatosis of the TMJ, first described by Auhausen in 1933,3 appears to be rare, the chief clinical features of this disorder being a pre-auricular swelling and pain.2 Based on these clinical characteristics, many patients may seek help from otolaryngologists. Although a number of publications addressing the subject are available in the literature,4,5 most are restricted to specialized journals of dentistry and radiology, which may not be commonly read by otolaryngologists. We report on two cases of this disorder, which were first seen by otolaryngologists, including an attempted correlation of the imaging with surgical and histologic findings. C-erb B-2, located on chromosome 17q21, is regarded to have a role in normal cell proliferation and development. It produces a 185 kD glycoprotein, which is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity and shares a 78% homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor.6 Overexpression of C-erb B-2 has been reported in a wide variety of carcinomas but has only rarely been described in connective tissue tumours.7,8 To our knowledge, there is only one report of C-erb B-2 staining in synovial chondromatosis.9 Furthermore, to our knowledge, there are no reported studies on C-erb B-2 in TMJs with synovial chondromatosis. Therefore, we also immunohistochemically examine the expression of C-erb B-2 in this report. Case 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".