X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the formation of catalytic gold nanoparticles on ultraviolet-ozone oxidized GaAs(100) substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the oxide formed on GaAs by exposure to ultraviolet light and ozone (UV-ozone), and the evolution of Au nanoparticles on UV-ozone treated GaAs(100) substrates, has been carried out using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The UV-ozone oxide has been found to consist of oxides of gallium and arsenic in addition to having a significant contribution from elemental arsenic concentrated mostly at the substrate-oxide interface. An intermediate suboxide species −AsxGa2O is found to make up a substantial part of the oxide layer, mostly near the surface region, whereas the interface to bulk GaAs is dominated by Ga2O3. As2O3 is found to be the dominant oxide in the initial UV-ozone oxide layer, while the oxide layer becomes rich in Ga2O3 as the sample is annealed at 500 °C for 300 s in a dry nitrogen environment. It is also found that gold does not alloy with Ga during the formation of gold nanoparticles by dewetting from the UV-ozone oxidized GaAs substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".