Prediction of Gas Holdup in a Three-Phase Internal Loop Airlift Fluidized Bed Reactor Using Newtonian and non-Newtonian Liquids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of superficial gas and liquid velocities, particle diameter and sphericity, physical and rheological properties of liquids on gas holdup were studied in a three phase internal loop airlift fluidized bed reactor. Air was used as a gas phase. Water, n-butanol, various concentrations of glycerol (60% and 80%) were used as Newtonian liquids and different concentrations (0.25%, 0.6% and 1.0%) of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solutions were used as non-Newtonian liquids. Spheres, Bearl saddle and Rasich ring with different diameters were used as solid phases. Superficial gas velocity varied from 0.000142 m/s to 0.005662 m/s and superficial liquid velocity varied from 0.001 to 0.12 m/s. The experimental result shows that increase in particle size and superficial gas velocity increases gas holdup and decreases with increase in concentration of Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems. Based on the experimental results a separate correlation was developed to predict gas holdup for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids for wide range of operating conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".