DNA Interaction with Novel Antitumor Estradiol–Platinum(II) Hybrid Molecule: A Comparative Study with Cisplatin Drug
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are effective for the management and treatment of several types of cancer. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) exerts its antitumor activity by binding to DNA via intrastrand cross-links to d(GpG) (dG = deoxyguanosine) and to d(ApG) (dA = deoxyadenosine), causing DNA bending and interfering with DNA replication and transcription. However, the exact binding modes of other platinum(II)-based antitumor drugs to DNA duplex and their mechanism of action have not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the binding of a novel anticancer estradiol-platinum(II) hybrid molecule (CD-37) with calf-thymus DNA in vitro and to compare the results with those obtained with cisplatin drug. Solutions containing various CD-37 or cisplatin concentrations were reacted with DNA at physiological pH. Then, using Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and circular dichroism spectroscopic methods, it was possible to characterize the drug binding mode, the binding constant, and structural variations of DNA in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence showed that cisplatin binds to guanine N7 site with minor perturbations of the backbone phosphate group with an overall binding constant of K(cisPt) = 5.73 (+/- 0.45) x 10(4) M(-1). CD-37 binds to DNA duplex via H-bonding network at low drug concentrations with minor perturbations of guanine N7 site at high drug content and with a binding constant of K(CD-37) = 1.0 (+/- 0.15) x 10(4) M(-1). DNA aggregation occurs at high drug concentration, while DNA remains in the B-family structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".