Reducible self-assembled micelles for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study developed novel reducible micelles that are approximately 100 nm in diameter and consist of poly(β-amino ester)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) amphiphilic copolymers (PAE) with phenylbutylamine functional side groups. Our report is unique in the following ways: (1) the reductively degradable micelles provide a safe and efficient doxorubicin intracellular delivery, (2) the synthesis procedure is a simple and mild pathway with a well-defined structure, and (3) the aromatic phenylbutylamine side groups increase hydrophobicity and strengthen the interaction with doxorubicin (DOX) to improve the drug-loading capability. In vitro, micelles exhibit faster release of DOX upon the action of dithiothreitol (DTT). Drug-laden micelles present higher cell inhibition efficiency in comparison to free doxorubicin, while the blank micelles show very low cytotoxicity. The copolymeric micelles show a rapid internalization and efficient cytoplasmic doxorubicin release in both human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The micelle is promising for enhanced intracellular drug delivery in tumour cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".