Reducible self-assembled micelles for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study developed novel reducible micelles that are approximately 100 nm in diameter and consist of poly(β-amino ester)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) amphiphilic copolymers (PAE) with phenylbutylamine functional side groups. Our report is unique in the following ways: (1) the reductively degradable micelles provide a safe and efficient doxorubicin intracellular delivery, (2) the synthesis procedure is a simple and mild pathway with a well-defined structure, and (3) the aromatic phenylbutylamine side groups increase hydrophobicity and strengthen the interaction with doxorubicin (DOX) to improve the drug-loading capability. In vitro, micelles exhibit faster release of DOX upon the action of dithiothreitol (DTT). Drug-laden micelles present higher cell inhibition efficiency in comparison to free doxorubicin, while the blank micelles show very low cytotoxicity. The copolymeric micelles show a rapid internalization and efficient cytoplasmic doxorubicin release in both human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The micelle is promising for enhanced intracellular drug delivery in tumour cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".