Gut Feelings: Enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (EPEC) Interactions with the Host
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that adheres to human intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in watery, persistent diarrhea. It subverts the host cell cytoskeleton, causing a rearrangement of cytoskeletal components into a characteristic pedestal structure underneath adherent bacteria. In contrast to other intracellular pathogens that affect the actin cytoskeleton from inside the host cytoplasm, EPEC remains extracellular and transmits signals through the host cell plasma membrane via direct injection of virulence factors by a "molecular syringe," the bacterial type III secretion system. One injected factor is Tir, which functions as the plasma membrane receptor for EPEC adherence. Tir directly links extracellular EPEC through the epithelial membrane and firmly anchors it to the host cell actin cytoskeleton, thereby initiating pedestal formation. In addition to stimulating actin nucleation and polymerization in the host cell, EPEC activates several other signaling pathways that lead to tight junction disruption, inhibition of phagocytosis, altered ion secretion, and immune responses. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of EPEC pathogenesis and discusses similarities and differences between EPEC pedestals, focal contacts, and Listeria monocytogenes actin tails.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".