Selection and establishment of Alberta agricultural soil quality benchmark sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forty-three benchmark sites were established to monitor soils across the agricultural regions of Alberta. Soil chemical and physical properties were examined in an initial pedological investigation in 1997. This paper describes site selection and presents results from the initial pedological investigation. Ninety-five percent of the chosen sites were representative of their provincial ecodistrict, with only two profiles being darker and higher in organic carbon than expected. The majority of selected sites were gently undulating loam soils on morainal parent materials in the dryland regions of Alberta. Soil texture, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate content, and soil pH reflected regional differences in quaternary geology and agricultural practices across Alberta. Southern Alberta was characterized by high pH, sandier-textured soil profiles, whereas the Peace Lowlands, being derived from marine shale deposits, exhibited finer soil textures and higher cation exchanges capacities. Owing to climatic and vegetative differences, organic carbon levels were significantly greater in northern Alberta compared with the south, but were found to differ based on soil horizon and slope position. Upper slopes typically had lower organic carbon levels, particularly in the A horizon. Similar results were observed for total soil N, although other soil nutrients differed in relation to soil properties, slope and ecoregion. Data collected will provide: (a) the basis for a detailed Alberta soil quality assessment, (b) data for future modeling efforts, and (c) data necessary to identify temporal changes in soil properties, yield and management relationships. Key words: Agronomic practices, catena, ecodistrict, pedological investigation, soil landscape, soil quality
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".