Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the effect of weight on measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in third‐trimester pregnant rural women residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To examine the prevalence of gestational diabetes in third-trimester pregnant women as well as to assess their insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS: Third-trimester pregnant women (n= 262) attending antenatal care at local clinics in the central region of the Limpopo Province underwent a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with blood collected at 0, 30 and 120 min. Glucose and insulin were measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was 8.8% (7.3% GIGT; 1.5% GDM). Women with GIGT/GDM were significantly older and had more children compared with women with a normal response to the OGTT. Homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-IR and fasting insulin were lower in the GIGT/GDM group compared with the normal group, as were measures of insulin secretion (HOMA B-cell function and insulinogenic index). Furthermore, women with body mass index (BMI)> or =30.0 kg/m2 were significantly older and had higher parity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements than those with BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and BMI < 25.0 kg/m2. However,increased BMI was not associated with an increased risk of GIGT/GDM. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that there is a high prevalence of GIGT/GDM, with most women having IGT. The GIGT/GDM present in these women is characterized by increased insulin sensitivity accompanied by reduced pancreatic B-cell function. Additionally, heavier women appear to have increased first phase insulin secretion, suggesting the presence of insulin resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".